My boss put something in my schedule at the last minute.
この場合、次のような言い方ができますよ。
ーMy boss put something in my schedule at the last minute, but he didn't give me enough notice, so I refused to do it.
「上司が急に予定を入れたが、急すぎたので断った」
to put something in one's schedule「人の予定に何かを入れる」
at the last minute「ぎりぎりになって・土壇場で」
ご参考まで!